Thorn
=Habitat and Range.=--Bordering on low lands and along streams.
Provinces of Quebec and Ontario.
Maine,--as far north as Mattawamkeag on the middle Penobscot, Dover on
the Piscataquis, and Orono on the lower Penobscot; reported also from
southern sections; Vermont,--Charlotte (Hosford); Massachusetts,--in the
eastern part infrequent; no stations reported in the other New England
states.
South to Pennsylvania, Louisiana, and Texas; west to Michigan and
Missouri.
=Habit.=--Shrub or often a small tree, 20-30 feet high, with trunk 6-12
inches in diameter, often with numerous suckers; branches at 4-6 feet
from the ground, at an acute angle with the stem, lower often horizontal
or declining; head spreading, widest at base, spray short, angular, and
bushy; thorns slender, 1-3 inches long, straight or slightly recurved.
=Bark.=--Bark of the whole tree, except the ultimate shoots, light gray,
on the trunk and larger branches separating lengthwise into thin narrow
plates, in old trees dark gray and more or less shreddy; season's shoots
reddish or yellowish-brown, glossy.
=Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Buds small, ovate, reddish-brown, shining;
scales broad, glandular-edged. Leaves simple, alternate, 3-5 inches
long, light green above, lighter beneath, broad-ovate to
broad-elliptical; rather regularly and slightly incised with fine,
glandular-tipped teeth; apex acute; base wedge-shaped, truncate, or
subcordate; roughish above and slightly pubescent beneath, especially
along the veins; leaf-stalk pubescent; stipules linear,
glandular-edged, deciduous.
=Inflorescence.=--May to June. In cymes from the season's growth;
flowers white, 3/4 inch broad, ill-smelling; calyx lobes 5, often
incised, pubescent; petals roundish; stamens indefinite, styles 3-5;
flower stems pubescent; bracts glandular.
=Fruit.=--A drupe-like pome, 1/2-1 inch long, bright scarlet, larger
than the fruit of the other New England species; ripens and falls in
September.
=Horticultural Value.=--Hardy in New England. An attractive and useful
tree in low plantations; rarely for sale by nurserymen or collectors;
propagated from the seed.
1. Winter buds.
2. Branch with thorns.
3. Flowering branch.
4. Flower with part of perianth and stamens removed.
5. Fruiting branch.
=Note.=--The New England plants here put under the head of
Crataegus mollis have been referred by Prof. C. S. Sargent to
Crataegus submollis (Bot. Gaz., XXXI, 7, 1901). The new species
differs from the true Crataegus mollis in its smaller ovate leaves
with cuneate base and more or less winged leafstalk, in the smaller
number of its stamens, usually 10, and in its pear-shaped
orange-red fruit, which drops in early September.
It is also probable that C. Arnoldiana, Sargent, new species, has
been collected in Massachusetts as C. mollis. It differs from C.
submollis in its broader, darker green, more villose leaves which
are usually rounded, not cuneate at the base, in its smaller
flowers, subglobose, not oblong or pear-shaped, crimson fruit with
smaller spreading calyx lobes, borne on shorter peduncles and
ripening two or three weeks earlier, and by its much more zigzag
and more spiny branches, which make this tree particularly
noticeable in winter, when it may readily be recognized from all
other thorn trees.--C. S. Sargent in Bot. Gaz., XXXI, 223, 1901.
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Trees or shrubs; leaves simple, alternate, undivided, with stipules either minute and soon falling or leafy and persistent; inflorescence from axillary buds of the preceding season, appearing with or before the leaves, in nearly erect, spreading o... Salix
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=Habitat and Range.=--Most common in dry soil. Ontario. Maine,--valley of the Androscoggin, southward; New Hampshire and Vermont,--not authoritatively reported by recent observers; Massachusetts,--more common in the eastern than western se... Scotch Pine
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=Habitat and Range.=--In poor soils; sandy plains, gravelly or rocky hills. Maine,--frequent in eastern and southern sections and upon Mount Desert island; New Hampshire,--as far north as Conway, more common near the lower Connecticut; Vermont,--... Scrub Pine Gray Pine Spruce Pine Jack Pine
=Habitat and Range.=--Sterile, sandy soil: lowlands, boggy plains, rocky slopes. Nova Scotia, northwesterly to the Athabasca river, and northerly down the Mackenzie to the Arctic circle. Maine,--Traveller mountain and Grand lake (G. L... Scrub White Oak Scrub Chestnut Oak
More or less common throughout the states east of the Mississippi; westward apparently grading into Q. Muhlenbergii, within the limits of New England mostly a low shrub, rarely assuming a tree-like habit. The leaves vary from rather narrow-elliptica... Shadbush June-berry
=Habitat and Range.=--Dry, open woods, hillsides. Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. New England,--throughout. South to the Gulf of Mexico; west to Minnesota, Kansas, and Louisiana. =Habit.=--Shrub or small tree,... Sheep Berry Sweet Viburnum Nanny Plum
=Habitat and Range.=--Rich woods, thickets, river valleys, along fences. Province of Quebec to Saskatchewan. Frequent throughout New England. South along the mountains to Georgia and Kentucky; west to Minnesota, Nebraska, and M... Silver Maple Soft Maple White Maple River Maple
=Habitat and Range.=--Along streams, in rich intervale lands, and in moist, deep-soiled forests, but not in swamps. Infrequent from New Brunswick to Ottawa, abundant from Ottawa throughout Ontario. Occasional throughout the New Englan... Simarubaceae Ailanthus Family
=Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.= ... Slippery Elm Red Elm
=Habitat and Range.=--Rich, low grounds, low, rocky woods and hillsides. Valley of the St. Lawrence, apparently not abundant. Maine,--District of Maine (Michaux, Sylva of North America, ed. 1853, III, 53), rare; Waterborough (York county, C... Staghorn Sumac
=Habitat and Range.=--In widely varying soils and localities; river banks, rocky slopes to an altitude of 2000 feet, cellar-holes and waste places generally, often forming copses. From Nova Scotia to Lake Huron. Common throughout New Engla... Striped Maple Moosewood Whistlewood
=Habitat and Range.=--Cool, rocky or sandy woods. Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. Maine,--abundant, especially northward in the forests; New Hampshire and Vermont,--common in highland woods; Massachusetts,--common in the western and central ... Swamp White Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--In deep, rich soil; low, moist, fertile grounds, bordering swamps and along streams. Quebec to Ontario, where it is known as the blue oak. Maine,--York county; New Hampshire,--Merrimac valley as far as the mouth of th... Sweet Gum
=Habitat and Range.=--Low, wet soil, swamps, moist woods. Connecticut,--restricted to the southwest corner of the state, not far from the seacoast; Darien to Five Mile river, probably the northeastern limit of its natural growth. South to ... Tamarack Hacmatack Larch Juniper
=Habitat and Range.=--Low lands, shaded hillsides, borders of ponds; in New England preferring cold swamps; sometimes far up mountain slopes. Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, west to the Rocky mountains; from the Rockies through ... Thorn
=Habitat and Range.=--Bordering on low lands and along streams. Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Maine,--as far north as Mattawamkeag on the middle Penobscot, Dover on the Piscataquis, and Orono on the lower Penobscot; reported also from s... Tree Terms
Abortive.= Defective or barren, through non-development of a part. Acuminate.= Long-pointed. Acute.= Ending with a sharp but not prolonged point. Adherent.= Growing fast to; adnate anther, attached for its whole length to the ovary. Adnate... Tupelo Sour Gum Pepperidge
=Habitat and Range.=--In rich, moist soil, in swamps and on the borders of rivers and ponds. Ontario. Maine,--Waterville on the Kennebec, the most northern station yet reported (Dr. Ezekiel Holmes); New Hampshire,--most common in the Merr... Ulmaceae Elm Family
=Ulmus Americana, L.= ... White Ash
=Habitat and Range.=--Rich or moist woods, fields and pastures, near streams. Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Ontario. Maine,--very common, often forming large forest areas; in the other New England states, widely distributed, but seldom o... White Birch Gray Birch Oldfield Birch Poplar Birch Poverty Birch Small White Birch
=Habitat and Range.=--Dry, gravelly soils, occasional in swamps and frequent along their borders, often springing up on burnt lands. Nova Scotia to Lake Ontario. Maine,--abundant; New Hampshire,--abundant eastward, as far north as Conway, ... White Cedar Cedar
=Habitat and Range.=--In deep swamps and marshes, which it often fills to the exclusion of other trees, mostly near the seacoast. Cape Breton island and near Halifax, Nova Scotia, perhaps introduced in both. Maine,--reported from the ... White Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--Light loams, sandy plains, and gravelly ridges, often constituting extensive tracts of forest. Quebec and Ontario. Maine,--southern sections; New Hampshire,--most abundant eastward; in the Connecticut valley confined ... White Pine
=Habitat and Range.=--In fertile soils; moist woodlands or dry uplands. Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, through Quebec and Ontario, to Lake Winnipeg. New England,--common, from the vicinity of the seacoast to altitudes of 2500 feet, for... White Spruce Cat Spruce Skunk Spruce Labrador Spruce
=Habitat and Range.=--Low, damp, but not wet woods; dry, sandy soils, high rocky slopes and exposed hilltops, often in scanty soil. Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, through the provinces of Quebec and Ontario to Manitoba and British Columbi... White Willow
=Habitat and Range.=--Low, moist grounds; along streams. Probably indigenous throughout Europe, northern Africa, and Asia as far south as northwestern India. Extensively introduced in America, and often spontaneous over large areas. New Brun...