Mulberry
=Habitat and Range.=--Banks of rivers, rich woods.
Canadian shore of Lake Erie.
A rare tree in New England. Maine,--doubtfully reported; New
Hampshire,--Pemigewasset valley, White mountains (Matthews);
Vermont,--northern extremity of Lake Champlain, banks of the Connecticut
(Flagg), Pownal (Oakes), North Pownal (Eggleston); Massachusetts,--rare;
Rhode Island,--no station reported; Conne
Plainville, North Guilford, East Rock and Norwich (J. N. Bishop).
South to Florida; west to Michigan, South Dakota, and Texas.
=Habit.=--A small tree, 15-25 feet in height, with a trunk diameter of
8-15 inches; attaining much greater dimensions in the Ohio and
Mississippi basins; a wide-branching, rounded tree, characterized by a
milky sap, rather dense foliage, and fruit closely resembling in shape
that of the high blackberry.
=Bark.=--Trunk light brown, rough, and more or less furrowed according
to age; larger branches light greenish-brown; season's shoots gray and
somewhat downy.
=Winter Buds and Leaves.=--Buds ovate, obtuse. Leaves simple, alternate,
4-8 inches long, two-thirds as wide, rough above, yellowish-green and
densely pubescent when young; at maturity dark green and downy beneath,
turning yellow in autumn; conspicuously reticulated; outline variable,
ovate, obovate, oblong or broadly oval, serrate-dentate with equal
teeth, or irregularly 3-7-lobed; apex acuminate; base heart-shaped to
truncate; stalk 1-2 inches long; stipules linear, serrate, soon falling.
=Inflorescence.=--May. Appearing with the leaves from the season's
shoots, in axillary spikes, sterile and fertile flowers sometimes on the
same tree, sometimes on different trees,--sterile flowers in spreading
or pendulous spikes, about 1 inch long; calyx 4-parted; petals none;
stamens 4, the inflexed filaments of which suddenly straighten
themselves as the flower expands: fertile spikes spreading or pendent;
calyx 4-parted, becoming fleshy in fruit; ovary sessile; stigmas 2,
spreading.
=Fruit.=--July to August. In drooping spikes about 1 inch long and 1/2
inch in diameter; dark purplish-red, oblong, sweet and edible;
apparently a simple fruit but really made up of the thickened calyx
lobes of the spike.
=Horticultural Value.=--Hardy in southern New England; grows rapidly in
a good, moist soil in sun or shade; the large leaves start late and drop
early; useful where it is hardy, in low tree plantations or as an
undergrowth in woods; readily transplanted, but seldom offered for sale
by nurserymen or collectors; propagated from seed.
1. Winter buds.
2. Branch with sterile flowers.
3. Sterile flower with stamens incurved.
4. Sterile flower expanded.
5. Branch with fertile flowers.
6. Fertile flower, side view.
7. Fruiting branch.
=Morus alba, L.=
Probably a native of China, where its leaves have from time immemorial
furnished food for silkworms; extensively introduced and naturalized in
India and central and southern Europe; introduced likewise into the
United States and Canada from Ontario to Florida; occasionally
spontaneous near dwellings, old trees sometimes marking the sites of
houses that have long since disappeared.
It may be distinguished from M. rubra by its smooth, shining leaves,
its whitish or pinkish fruit, and its greater susceptibility to frost.
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Buttonwood Sycamore Buttonball Plane Tree
=Habitat and Range.=--Near streams, river bottoms, and low, damp woods. Ontario. Maine,--apparently restricted to York county; New Hampshire,--Merrimac valley towards the coast; along the Connecticut as far as Walpole; Vermont,--scattering... Canoe Birch White Birch Paper Birch
=Habitat and Range.=--Deep, rich woods, river banks, mountain slopes. Canada, Atlantic to Pacific, northward to Labrador and Alaska, to the limit of deciduous trees. Maine,--abundant; New Hampshire,--in all sections, most common on hi... Chestnut
=Habitat and Range.=--In strong, well-drained soil; pastures, rocky woods, and hillsides. Ontario,--common. Maine,--southern sections, probably not indigenous north of latitude 44 deg. 20'; New Hampshire,--Connecticut valley near the river... Chestnut Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--Dry hillsides, limestone ridges, rich bottoms. Ontario. Vermont,--Gardner's island, Lake Champlain; Ferrisburg (Pringle); Connecticut,--frequent (J. N. Bishop, 1895); on the limestone formation in the neighborhood of ... Chestnut Oak Rock Chestnut Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--Woods, rocky banks, hill slopes. Along the Canadian shore of Lake Erie. Maine,--Saco river and Mt. Agamenticus, near the southern coast (York county); New Hampshire,--belts or patches in the eastern part of the state ... Chokecherry
=Habitat and Range.=--In varying soils; along river banks, on dry plains, in woods, common along walls, often thickets. From Newfoundland across the continent, as far north on the Mackenzie river as 62 deg.. Common throughout New Engl... Clammy Locust
This tree appears to be sparingly established in southern Canada and at many points throughout New England. Common in cultivation and occasionally established through the middle states; native from Virginia along the mountains of North Carolina, ... Cockspur Thorn
Rich soils, edge of swamps. Quebec to Manitoba. Found sparingly in western Vermont (Flora of Vermont, 1900); southern Connecticut (C. H. Bissell). South to Georgia; west to Iowa. A small tree, 10-25 feet in height and 6-12 inches... Cork Elm Rock Elm
=Habitat and Range.=--Dry, gravelly soils, rich soils, river banks. Quebec through Ontario. Maine,--not reported; New Hampshire,--rare and extremely local; Meriden and one or two other places (Jessup); Vermont,--rare, Bennington, Pownal (R... Cottonwood Poplar
=Habitat and Range.=--In moist soil; river banks and basins, shores of lakes, not uncommon in drier locations. Throughout Quebec and Ontario to the base of the Rocky mountains. Maine,--not reported; New Hampshire,--restricted to the immedia... Crack Willow Brittle Willow
=Habitat and Range.=--In low land and along river banks. Indigenous in southwestern Asia, and in Europe where it is extensively cultivated; introduced into America probably from England for use in basket-making, and planted at a very early date in m... Crataegus
A revision of genus Crataegus has long been a desideratum with botanists. The present year has added numerous new species, most of which must be regarded as provisional until sufficient time has elapsed to note more carefully the limits of variation... Cupressaceae
THUJA. CUPRESSUS. JUNIPERUS. Leaf-buds not scaly; leaves evergreen and persistent for several years, opposite, verticillate, or sometimes scattered, scale-like, often needle-shaped in seedlings and sometimes upon the branches of older plants; flo... Dogwood Poison Sumac Poison Elder
=Habitat and Range.=--Low grounds and swamps; occasional on the moist slopes of hills. Infrequent in Ontario. Maine,--local and apparently restricted to the southwestern sections; as far north as Chesterville (Franklin county); Vermont,--i... Drupaceae Plum Family
Trees or shrubs; bark exuding gum; bark, leaves, and especially seeds of several species abounding in prussic acid; leaves simple, alternate, mostly serrate; stipules small, soon falling; leafstalk often with one to several glands; flowers in umbe... Elm American Elm White Elm
=Habitat and Range.=--Low, moist ground; thrives especially on rich intervales. From Cape Breton to Saskatchewan, as far north as 54 deg. 30'. Maine,--common, most abundant in central and southern portions; New Hampshire,--common from the ... European Alder
This is the common alder of Great Britain and central Europe southward, growing chiefly along water courses, in boggy grounds and upon moist mountain slopes; introduced into the United States and occasionally escaping from cultivation; sometimes tho... Fagaceae Beech Family
=Fagus ferruginea, Ait.= Fagus Americana, Sweet. Fagus atropunicea, Sudw. ... Fir Balsam Balsam Fir
=Habitat and Range.=--Rich, damp, cool woods, deep swamps, mountain slopes. Labrador, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia, northwest to the Great Bear Lake region. Maine,--very generally distributed, ordinarily associated with white pine, ... Flowering Dogwood Boxwood
=Habitat and Range.=--Woodlands, rocky hillsides, moist, gravelly ridges. Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Maine,--Fayette Ridge, Kennebec county; New Hampshire,--along the Atlantic coast and very near the Connecticut river, rarely farther... Green Ash
River valleys and wet woods. Ontario to Saskatchewan. Maine,--common along the Penobscot river from Oldtown to Bangor; Vermont,--along Lake Champlain; Gardner's island, and the north end of South Hero; Rhode Island (Bailey); Connecticut,--... Hackberry Nettle Tree Hoop Ash Sugar Berry
=Habitat and Range.=--In divers situations and soils; woods, river banks, near salt marshes. Province of Quebec to Lake of the Woods, occasional. Maine,--not reported; New Hampshire,--sparingly along the Connecticut valley, as far as Wells... Hemlock
=Habitat and Range.=--Cold soils, borders of swamps, deep woods, ravines, mountain slopes. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, through Quebec and Ontario. Maine,--abundant, generally distributed in the southern and central portions, becoming rare ... Holly American Holly
=Habitat and Range.=--Generally found in somewhat sheltered situations in sandy loam or in low, moist soil in the vicinity of water. Maine,--reported on the authority of Gray's Manual, sixth edition, in various botanical works, but no station is k... Honey Locust Three-thorned Acacia
=Habitat and Range.=--In its native habitat growing in a variety of soils; rich woods, mountain sides, sterile plains. Southern Ontario. Maine,--young trees in the southern sections said to have been produced from self-sown seed (M. L. Fer... Hop Hornbeam Ironwood Leverwood
=Habitat and Range.=--In rather open woods and along highlands. Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. Common in all parts of New England. Scattered throughout the whole country east of the Mississippi, ranging through western Minnesota... Hornbeam Blue Beech Ironwood Water Beech
=Habitat and Range.=--Low, wet woods, and margins of swamps. Province of Quebec to Georgian bay. Rather common throughout New England, less frequent towards the coast. South to Florida; west to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian ... Juglandaceae Walnut Family
=Juglans cinerea, L.= ... Leguminosae Pulse Family
=Gleditsia triacanthos, L.= ... Locust
=Habitat and Range.=--In its native habitat growing upon mountain slopes, along the borders of forests, in rich soils. Naturalized from Nova Scotia to Ontario. Maine,--thoroughly at home, forming wooded banks along streams; New Hampshire,-... Magnoliaceae Magnolia Family
=Liriodendron Tulipifera, L.= TULIP TREE. WHITEWOOD. POPLAR. =Habitat and Range.=--Prefers a rich, loamy, moist soil. Vermont,--valley of the Hoosac river in the southwestern corner of the state; Massachusetts,--frequent in the Connecticut ... Mazard Cherry
Introduced from England; occasionally spontaneous along fences and the borders of woodlands. As an escape, 25-50 feet high, with a trunk diameter of 1-2 feet; head oblong or ovate; branches mostly ascending. Leaves ovate to obovate, more or less pub... Mockernut White-heart Hickory Walnut
Habitat and Range.--In various soils; woods, dry, rocky ridges, mountain slopes. Niagara peninsula and westward. Maine and Vermont,--not reported; New Hampshire,--sparingly along the coast; Massachusetts,--rather common eastward; Rhode Isla... Mountain Ash
=Habitat and Range.=--River banks, cool woods, swamps, and mountains. Newfoundland to Manitoba. Maine,--common; New Hampshire,--common along the watersheds of the Connecticut and Merrimac rivers and on the slopes of the White mountains; Ve... Mountain Ash
=Habitat and Range.=--Mountain slopes, cool woods, along the shores of rivers and ponds, often associated with P. Americana, but climbing higher up the mountains. From Labrador and Nova Scotia west to the Rocky mountains, then northward along the... Mountain Maple
=Habitat and Range.=--In damp forests, rocky highland woods, along the sides of mountain brooks at altitudes of 500-1000 feet. From Nova Scotia and Newfoundland to Saskatchewan. Maine,--common, especially northward in the forests; New Hamps... Mulberry
=Habitat and Range.=--Banks of rivers, rich woods. Canadian shore of Lake Erie. A rare tree in New England. Maine,--doubtfully reported; New Hampshire,--Pemigewasset valley, White mountains (Matthews); Vermont,--northern extremity of Lake ... Pear Tree
The common pear, introduced from Europe; a frequent escape from cultivation throughout New England and elsewhere; becomes scraggly and shrubby in a wild state. =Pyrus Malus, L.= Malus Malus, Britton. ... Persimmon
=Habitat and Range.=--Rhode Island,--occasional but doubtfully native; Connecticut,--at Lighthouse Point, New Haven, near the East Haven boundary line, there is a grove consisting of about one hundred twenty-five small trees not more than a hundred ... Pignut White Hickory
=Habitat and Range.=--Woods, dry hills, and uplands. Niagara peninsula and along Lake Erie. Maine,--frequent in the southern corner of York county; New Hampshire,--common toward the coast and along the lower Merrimac valley; abundant on hil... Pin Oak Swamp Oak Water Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--Low grounds, borders of forests, wet woods, river banks, islets in swamps. Ontario. Northern New England,--no station reported; Massachusetts,--Amherst (Stone, Bull. Torrey Club, IX, 57; J. E. Humphrey, Amherst Trees)... Pinoideae Pine Family Conifers
ABIETACEAE. CUPRESSACEAE. Trees or shrubs, resinous; leaves simple, mostly evergreen, relatively small, entire, needle-shaped, awl-shaped, linear, or scale-like; stipules none; flowers catkin-like; calyx none; corolla none; ovary represented by... Pinus
The leaves are of two kinds, primary and secondary; the primary are thin, deciduous scales, in the axils of which the secondary leaf-buds stand; the inner scales of those leaf-buds form a loose, deciduous sheath which encloses the secondary or fol... Pitch Pine Hard Pine
=Habitat and Range.=--Most common in dry, sterile soils, occasional in swamps. New Brunswick to Lake Ontario. Maine,--mostly in the southwestern section near the seacoast; as far north as Chesterville, Franklin county (C. H. Knowlton, Rhod... Pomaceae Apple Family
Trees or shrubs; leaves simple or pinnate, mostly alternate, with stipules free from the leafstalk and usually soon falling; flowers regular, perfect; calyx 5-lobed; calyx-tube adnate to ovary; petals 5, inserted on the disk which lines the calyx-... Poplar Aspen
=Habitat and Range.=--In all soils and situations except in deep swamps, though more usual in dry uplands; sometimes springing up in great abundance in clearings or upon burnt lands. Newfoundland, Labrador, and Nova Scotia to the Hudson bay r... Poplar Large-toothed Aspen
=Habitat and Range.=--In rich or poor soils; woods, hillsides, borders of streams. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, southern Quebec, and Ontario. New England,--common, occasional at altitudes of 2000 feet or more. South to Pennsylvania a... Poplar Swamp Poplar Cottonwood
=Habitat and Range.=--In or along swamps occasionally or often overflowed; rare, local, and erratically distributed. Connecticut,--frequent in the southern sections; Bozrah (J. N. Bishop); Guilford, in at least three wood-ponds (W. E. Dudley in li... Populus
Inflorescence usually appearing before the leaves; flowers with lacerate bracts, disk cup-shaped and oblique-edged, at least in sterile flowers; stamens usually many, filaments distinct; stigmas mostly divided, elongated or spreading. ... Pussy Willow Glaucous Willow
=Habitat and Range.=--Low, wet grounds; banks of streams, swamps, moist hillsides. Nova Scotia to Manitoba. Maine,--abundant; common throughout the other New England states. South to North Carolina; west to Illinois and Missouri. ... Red Birch River Birch
=Habitat and Range.=--Along rivers, ponds, and woodlands inundated a part of the year. Doubtfully and indefinitely reported from Canada. No stations in Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, or Connecticut; New Hampshire,--found sparingly along str... Red Cedar Cedar Savin
=Habitat and Range.=--Dry, rocky hills but not at great altitudes, borders of lakes and streams, sterile plains, peaty swamps. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Ontario. Maine,--rare, though it extends northward to the middle Kennebec valley... Red Maple Swamp Maple Soft Maple White Maple
=Habitat and Range.=--Borders of streams, low lands, wet forests, swamps, rocky hillsides. Nova Scotia to the Lake of the Woods. Common throughout New England from the sea to an altitude of 3000 feet on Katahdin. South to southern ... Red Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--Growing impartially in a great variety of soils, but not on wet lands. Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to divide west of Lake Superior. Maine,--common, at least south of the central portions; New Hampshire,--extending i... Red Pine Norway Pine
=Habitat and Range.=--In poor soils: sandy plains, dry woods. Newfoundland and New Brunswick, throughout Quebec and Ontario, to the southern end of Lake Winnipeg. Maine,--common, plains, Brunswick (Cumberland county); woods, Bristol (... Red Spruce
=Habitat and Range.=--Cool, rich woods, well-drained valleys, slopes of mountains, not infrequently extending down to the borders of swamps. Prince Edward island and Nova Scotia, along the valley of the St. Lawrence. Maine,--throughou... Rum Cherry Black Cherry
=Habitat and Range.=--In all sorts of soils and exposures; open places and rich woods. Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. Maine,--not reported north of Oldtown (Penobscot county); frequent throughout the other New England states. South ... Salicaceae Willow Family
Trees or shrubs; leaves simple, alternate, undivided, with stipules either minute and soon falling or leafy and persistent; inflorescence from axillary buds of the preceding season, appearing with or before the leaves, in nearly erect, spreading o... Salix
Inflorescence appearing with or before the leaves; flowers with entire bracts and one or two small glands; disks wanting; stamens few. =Populus tremuloides, Michx.= ... Sassafras
=Habitat and Range.=--In various soils and situations; sandy or rich woods, along the borders of peaty swamps. Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Maine,--this tree grows not beyond Black Point (Scarboro, Cumberland county) eastward (Josselyn... Scarlet Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--Most common in dry soil. Ontario. Maine,--valley of the Androscoggin, southward; New Hampshire and Vermont,--not authoritatively reported by recent observers; Massachusetts,--more common in the eastern than western se... Scotch Pine
(sometimes incorrectly called the Scotch fir). Indigenous in the northern parts of Scotland and in the Alps, and from Sweden and Norway, where it forms large forests eastward throughout northern Europe and Asia. At Southington, Conn., many of t... Scrub Oak Bear Oak
=Habitat and Range.=--In poor soils; sandy plains, gravelly or rocky hills. Maine,--frequent in eastern and southern sections and upon Mount Desert island; New Hampshire,--as far north as Conway, more common near the lower Connecticut; Vermont,--... Scrub Pine Gray Pine Spruce Pine Jack Pine
=Habitat and Range.=--Sterile, sandy soil: lowlands, boggy plains, rocky slopes. Nova Scotia, northwesterly to the Athabasca river, and northerly down the Mackenzie to the Arctic circle. Maine,--Traveller mountain and Grand lake (G. L... Scrub White Oak Scrub Chestnut Oak
More or less common throughout the states east of the Mississippi; westward apparently grading into Q. Muhlenbergii, within the limits of New England mostly a low shrub, rarely assuming a tree-like habit. The leaves vary from rather narrow-elliptica... Shadbush June-berry
=Habitat and Range.=--Dry, open woods, hillsides. Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. New England,--throughout. South to the Gulf of Mexico; west to Minnesota, Kansas, and Louisiana. =Habit.=--Shrub or small tree,... Sheep Berry Sweet Viburnum Nanny Plum
=Habitat and Range.=--Rich woods, thickets, river valleys, along fences. Province of Quebec to Saskatchewan. Frequent throughout New England. South along the mountains to Georgia and Kentucky; west to Minnesota, Nebraska, and M... Silver Maple Soft Maple White Maple River Maple
=Habitat and Range.=--Along streams, in rich intervale lands, and in moist, deep-soiled forests, but not in swamps. Infrequent from New Brunswick to Ottawa, abundant from Ottawa throughout Ontario. Occasional throughout the New Englan... Simarubaceae Ailanthus Family
=Ailanthus glandulosus, Desf.= ... Slippery Elm Red Elm
=Habitat and Range.=--Rich, low grounds, low, rocky woods and hillsides. Valley of the St. Lawrence, apparently not abundant. Maine,--District of Maine (Michaux, Sylva of North America, ed. 1853, III, 53), rare; Waterborough (York county, C... Staghorn Sumac
=Habitat and Range.=--In widely varying soils and localities; river banks, rocky slopes to an altitude of 2000 feet, cellar-holes and waste places generally, often forming copses. From Nova Scotia to Lake Huron. Common throughout New Engla... Striped Maple Moosewood Whistlewood
=Habitat and Range.=--Cool, rocky or sandy woods. Nova Scotia to Lake Superior. Maine,--abundant, especially northward in the forests; New Hampshire and Vermont,--common in highland woods; Massachusetts,--common in the western and central ...