Hemlock (tsuga Canadensis)
Distinguishing characters: Its leaves are arranged in *flat layers*,
giving a flat, horizontal and graceful appearance to the whole
branch (Fig. 8). The individual leaves are dark green above, lighter
colored below, and are *marked by two white lines on the under side*
(Fig. 10).
The leaves are arranged on little stalks, a characteristic that does
not appear in the other evergreen trees.
Form and size: A large tree with a broad-based pyramidal head, and a
trunk conspicuously tapering toward the apex. The branches extend
almost to the ground.
Range: The hemlock is a northern tree, growing in Canada and the United
States.
Soil and location: Grows on all sorts of soils, in the deepest woods as
well as on high mountain slopes.
Enemies: None of importance.
Value for planting: The hemlock makes an excellent hedge because it
retains its lowest branches and will stand shearing. In this respect
it is preferable to the spruce. It makes a fair tree for the lawn
and is especially desirable for underplanting in woodlands, where
the shade from the surrounding trees is heavy. In this respect it is
like the beech.
Commercial value: The wood is soft, brittle, and coarse-grained, and is
therefore used mainly for coarse lumber. Its bark is so rich in
tannin that it forms one of the chief commercial products of the
tree.
Other characters: The _fruit_ is a small cone about 3/4 of an inch long,
which generally hangs on the tree all winter.
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Tree Studies
How To Identify Trees
Group I The Pines
The White Pine (pinus Strobus)
The Pitch Pine (pinus Rigida)
The Scotch Pine (pinus Sylvestris)
Group Ii The Spruce And Hemlock
The Norway Spruce (picea Excelsa)
Hemlock (tsuga Canadensis)
Group Iii The Red Cedar And Arbor-vitae
Red Cedar (juniperus Virginiana)
Arbor-vitae; Northern White Cedar (thuja Occidentalis)
Group Iv The Larch And Cypress
The European Larch (larix Europaea)
Bald Cypress (taxodium Distichum)
Group V The Horsechestnut, Ash And Maple
The Horsechestnut
The White Ash (fraxinus Americana)
Sugar Maple (acer Saccharum)
Silver Maple (acer Saccharinum)
Red Maple (acer Rubrum)
Norway Maple (acer Platanoides)
Box Elder (acer Negundo)
Group Vi Trees Told By Their Form: Elm, Poplar, Gingko And Willow
American Elm (ulmus Americana)
Lombardy Or Italian Poplar (populus Nigra, Var Italica)
Gingko Or Maidenhair Tree (gingko Biloba)
Weeping Willow (salix Babylonica)
Group Vii Trees Told By Their Bark Or Trunk: Sycamore, Birch, Beech,
Blue Beech, Ironwood, And Hackberry
The Sycamore Or Plane Tree (platanus Occidentalis)
Gray Or White Birch (betula Populifolia)
American Beech (fagus Americana)
Blue Beech Or Hornbeam (carpinus Caroliniana)
Hackberry (celtis Occidentalis)
Group Viii The Oaks And Chestnut
White Oak (quercus Alba)
Black Oak (quercus Velutina)
Red Oak (quercus Rubra)
Pin Oak (quercus Palustris)
Chestnut (castanea Dentata)
Group Ix The Hickories, Walnut And Butternut
Shagbark Hickory (hicoria Ovata)
Mockernut Hickory (hicoria Alba)
Black Walnut (juglans Nigra)
Group X Tulip Tree, Sweet Gum, Linden, Magnolia, Locust, Catalpa,
Dogwood, Mulberry And Osage Orange
Tulip Tree (liriodendron Tulipifera)
Sweet Gum (liquidambar Styraciflua)
American Linden (tilia Americana)
The Magnolias
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